Sunday, 23 January 2022
Wednesday, 12 January 2022
Monday, 10 January 2022
Friday, 7 January 2022
Optical Properties of Crystalline Lactose Fluidized with Dilutions of Various Substances in the Terahertz Frequency Range
For full paper see https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/1/32
Abstract:
Lactose is a commonly used component of pharmaceutical medications in tablet form. It was previously shown that lactose changes conformationally after saturation in fluidized beds with active pharmaceutical ingredients obtained by repeated dilution of antibodies to interferongamma in combination with an external intensive vibration treatment. Moreover, it was revealed that these solutions are self-organized dispersed systems in which nano-objects are formed. Their biological activity and mechanism of action were previously established as well. The current work was dedicated to investigating the optical properties of fluidized lactose powders in the terahertz frequency range. Spectral analyses of powders of crystalline lactose saturated in fluidized beds with a diluted solution of either glycine buffer, antibodies to interferon-gamma, or water were carried out, intact lactose served as a control. All powders were tableted before testing. In the course of the study, the macroscopic parameters of the tablets were established, at which they had a stable shape and their THz optical properties had no parasitic diffraction losses. These tablets were analyzed using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the frequency range of 0.2–2.6 THz. The differentiation between the spectra was conducted using a principal component analysis. The differences between intact lactose and the lactose saturated with any of studied solutions were demonstrated. Additionally, lactose saturated with solutions of multiple dilutions of a substance (antibodies or glycine buffer) differed not only from intact lactose, but also from lactose saturated with a diluted solution of water. Moreover, discrimination of lactose formulations saturated with different substances (antibodies or glycine buffer) was also possible. Additionally, intact lactose differed from lactose saturated with diluted water. The methods reported could be useful for the quality control of the medications based on the technology of repeated dilution of an original substance.
2.2. Experimental Setup
Terahertz transmission spectra of the tablets were measured using a TeraPulse 3000 time-domain spectroscopy system from TeraView (UK). The system uses a Ti:Sapphire laser with a wavelength of 800 nm, a frequency of 80 MHz, and an optical pulse duration of 90 fs. The pump pulse is incident on a photoconductive emitter on a GaAs substrate to create electron-hole pairs, which are then accelerated by an electric field applied to the electrodes. During the relaxation of charge carriers, terahertz pulses of bandwidth of 0.1–3.0 THz are emitted. The THz radiation pulses pass through the sample and hit the photoconductive detector (similar to the emitter), which also is irradiated by the incident pulse of 800 nm 90 fs, obtained by splitting the beam of the previously mentioned laser after passing through the delay line. In this study, a transmission module installed in a special chamber of the THz spectrometer was used. The space through which the THz beam passes is purged with nitrogen to reduce the absorption caused by water vapor in the air.
Saturday, 1 January 2022
TeraView to attend Photonics West 2022 with Calmar Laser
TeraView is pleased to announce that it will be exhibiting at Photonics West 2022 in partnership with Calmar Laser.
TeraView’s Head of Applications, Dr Philip Taday, will be in attendance to discuss all things terahertz, including TeraView’s latest product aimed at the future telecommunications industry, the 6GSolve. The module is powered by TeraView’s TeraPulse Lx instrument, which contains a Calmar laser inside.
The event will take place on 22 – 27 January 2022 in San Francisco, USA.
Please stop by booth 3456 in the Moscone Center, Halls D/E 25 – 27 January.
Dr Don Arnone, TeraView’s CEO, commented ‘The 6GSolve system has been developed in close collaboration with our customers to deliver information on materials and devices destined for use in future 6G networks. Carrying on our 25 year tradition of supplying tools and solutions to develop the terahertz spectrum, 6GSolve is a key step towards supporting the development of 6G technology and delivering the immense promise of 6G to the market. We are also very pleased to introduce the instrument in collaboration with partners at Calmar Laser, a leader in the ultrafast laser market.’
Dr Philip Taday, Head of Applications, comments ‘TeraView is pleased to be able to attend its first face-to-face conference in almost two years. During that time we have developed the 6GSolve, an instrument that allows for characterization of materials beyond 5G.’
Dr Tony Lin, Founder Calmar Laser, comments ‘We are excited to be back live and in person at Photonics West to show off our latest product developments from the last two years. It’s especially rewarding that our partners from TeraView will join us to present their latest innovation in terahertz instrumentation.’
About Calmar Laser
Calmar Laser (https://calmarlaser.com/) is a US-based, ISO 9001:2008 developer and manufacturer of innovative ultrafast fiber laser and fiber amplifier solutions for OEM, B2B, industrial, medical and scientific applications.
Since 1996 Calmar Laser (then Calmar Optcom) has served universities and research institutions with leading-edge ultrafast fiber laser platforms. Its compact, robust designs have also enabled long term partnerships with customers in the fields of advanced high-speed test and measurement, optical communications, biomedicine, component characterization, semiconductor metrology, ophthalmology and micromachining. Today, Calmar continues the tradition of technology leadership with its unique range of ultrafast fiber laser platforms designed for simple, hands-off, reliable operation.